Courtesy visit by the French Chamber of Architect’s President Madam Catherine Jacquot
Photo Gallery (2)
UIA President visit to Association of Hungarian Architects – witnessed
the signing of the Budapest Declaration by Hungary, Croatia, Romania,
Slovakia And Austria
Courtesy visit by the French Chamber of Architect’s President Madam Catherine Jacquot
Courtesy visit by the French Chamber of Architect’s President Madam Catherine Jacquot
Impact of Globalization on Architectural Services
INTRODUCTION
Architecture as a profession is facing new challenges brought about by globalization and technological advancements. There are tremendous challenges and pressures to justify our relevance. The procurement and delivery of projects have also undergone major changes that involve project managers, financiers and corporate specialist. Architects are only a component of the overall scheme that has to be managed. High profile projects require substantial investments that need to generate returns and protection. Design and architecture are the selling points of the project. Hence project failures also bring adverse impact on the architect. Architecture as part of the urban environment represents a specific and major identity of the place and citizens. It contributes to economic development, employment and social integration. Architecture promotes the quality of life and cultural diversity.
Architectural dimensions have expanded due to the demands of globalization, climate change and sustainability. While the government has acknowledged the importance of sustainability and the environment, their impact on the environmental design and architecture are yet to be appreciated by the public at large. The appreciation of architecture is the challenge and not merely its commercialization. We have witnessed the mobility of architecture across the globe, in China, UAE and even in the holy city of Makkah where internationally renowned architects have been invited to prepare proposal for the expansion of Al Haram mosque. External interventions and economic objectives are issues, which we have to be concerned with, and which will also determine the form and way we practice architecture.
GLOBALISATION
Globalization is an economic phenomenon, which involves the integration of national economies through the expansion of global trade, investments and movement of capital along with the rapid increase in cross-border social, cultural and technological exchange. With the phenomenal advancement in ICT, globalization flourishes. We are trapped in this liberal world of cyber technology. There is less and less distinction in our lifestyle here in Asia or USA, Europe, China or the Middle East. It is becoming more and more trying for us to accept national culture as oppose to world culture. At press of a button the whole world is before you. This is the challenge. And what a challenge it is? We had gone through several global economic crises before and are still recovering from the severest one in 50 years, which started with the subprime mortgage crises in late 2006 in the USA. In 1997 we had the Asian Financial Crisis which witnessed the collapse of the Asian economies. Malaysia was the maverick and decided to do it alone. She closed her door a little to weather the storm much to the criticisms of those in control of the world financial system. This time around the whole world financial system collapses and the culprits abound.
So on 2nd April 7, 2009 the G20 met in London to mend the damage and the potential economic disaster the world would face if affirmative actions were not agreed upon by these select nations. Apart from the commitment to allocate USD 1.1 trillion to stimulate the world economy, there is also a curb on the free enterprise which was advocated by the Bush administration in favour of stricter control on the financial market. A year later the Greek economy floundered with the uncovering of massive deficit in the government’s budget. The country was virtually bankrupt and called for bail out from other EU states. On 9th May 2010 the EU Economic Ministers approved a rescue package of close to a trillion dollars to stabilize the financial system across the EU. The economic problems of the Euro zone have affected Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIGS). The aftermath of the subprime debacle in the US exacerbated the economic crises in Europe and globally.
Such economic crises and the world events that ensued are the outcomes of the global economy that we are in. As trading nations in the world, we are not spared from the impact of the global economic downturn. Hence it will also impact on the extent of development that we want to embark upon and accordingly the building and construction works which also determine our employment. The last decade saw frenzied developments across the globe. China and India were the stimuli that attracted architects from around the world to sell their services and expertise. The building and construction activities drove the demand for resources and energy to dizzying heights and the population were mesmerized onto believing that there is infinite economic growth and investments. Dubai in the UAE became the playground for bizarre designs. (Ref; the EDGE on 22 January 2007). The rationale for such immense development without any basis, neither feasibility nor sustainability was questionable. Yet the demand appeared to exceed supply then. The market was hungry for more and so the banks came up with innovative funding instruments and mechanisms. Then the bubble has burst and the building sites were abandoned. It will take years for the system to turn around as a lot of developers got hit badly.
The power of globalization has brought about wealth creation and accumulation in the developed world. The developing countries have been crying foul for the imbalance in the distribution of wealth between the East and West. The command of capital and services by the West gave rise to their dominance in the global economies and the rest follows i.e. politics, industry, military, etc.
U.S. trade in services continues to strengthen and their exports of services reached $535 billion in 2008, an increase of 12% over 2007. Her imports of services, meanwhile, grew 8% to $367 billion, leaving the United States with a services trade surplus of $167 billion. That surplus itself increased 21% over 2007, demonstrating the global competitiveness of the sector. Leading U.S. service exports include transportation and travel services, royalties and licensing fees, and a vast range of professional and business services, from financial services to information technology, advertising, telecommunications, management consulting, and legal, accounting, and many other professional services. The service sector accounts for nearly 80% of US private sector GDP, and employs 80% of the American workforce compared to 55% and 50% respectively for Malaysia. The volume of services trade had more than doubled from USD 1.3 trillion in 1997 to 3.3 trillion. For developing countries, they have to seek aggressively beyond their shores as the market for their services. It is already prevalent in some sectors of the economy, albeit the lower end of the spectrum.
Globalization has become an essential part of our lives. The Internet and advancement in ICT have reduced the world into one seamless global market where services cross borders both in the physical as well as the virtual environment. We no longer compete in a smaller domestic market but internationally. Services and business process outsourcing has become common where services are procured across borders. "Internetworking" has now become a common business tool which has increased communication capacity and services mobility exponentially. It is becoming impossible to restrict the movement of technology, culture, services, businesses and ideologies across borders.
As signatories to the GATS and a member of the WTO, we have to accept the imminent opening up of our domestic market. The multi lateral negotiation, which was launched at a ministerial conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001, which includes services trade, has yet to see success, even after successive rounds of meetings in subsequent years. The collapse of the negotiation is due to disagreement between the east and west, develop and developing countries and principally USA and EU against India and China. It stemmed from the insistence of the developing countries to link the agricultural sector and services. As there was no resolution on the agricultural negotiations, the services negotiations have stalled. However Malaysia is quite aggressive in wanting to liberalise the services industry as it sees it being the new engine of growth.
THE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION
Architecture, as a discipline, deals with the environment and habitat, so it cannot ignore the problems as well as progress that society is facing today. Architecture, engineering and other professions are the products of technological advancements of society. As long as we are exposed to world trade we must accept that the professionals would also have to adjust their mindset to look beyond the shores to acquire and export technologies and expertise. We are living in a borderless world exchanging technologies and developing new ones to prolong our existence.
The architectural profession is also perhaps the most visible of all in the context of globalization and colonization. The empires of Greece and Rome expanded through Europe at the dawn of human civilization and left, as their legacies, the architectural monuments and technologies that came with them. The Islamic empire that spread through Europe and Asia was similarly endowed with fine architectural legacies and engineering feats which manifested itself in the Moorish monuments through Spain and the Ottomans’ in Turkey and the Balkans. This globalization process has not differed till today. It came together with the movement of trade as well as conquerors.
The colonization of countries in Asia by the British and Europeans left us with the monuments and lifestyles upon which we have based our administration. The planning of our towns and settlements has been the result of the influence of the British or European colonizers. In the modern days architectural treatment of our built environment and buildings are the results of the skills acquired by our professionals from education and technologies/or in foreign countries. International conferences on design and urbanism are being held regularly in foreign countries to promote new exchanges of ideas. Building technologies, products, materials and finishes were imported from the west. Now we built factories domestically with foreign capital to produce them to be closer to their markets. Building components and products which are extensively manufactured in China are finding their ways to modern buildings across the globe. So design and architecture are borderless.
Developments in under developed countries started with the assistance of the developed nations and bodies such as the World Bank, UNDP, ADB, JAICA and other foreign loan assistance programs. Part of the deal was to engage foreign consultants to undertake studies and consultancy services for those foreign aid projects. We then developed a culture of importing foreigners in almost all major public projects, which renders the local consultants subservient to their foreign counterparts. This culture and attitude seem to be embedded in the minds of the client bodies who regard local architects and engineers merely as facilitators for project implementation rather than experts in their field. The fact that local consultants are capable of undertaking projects of any magnitude has not sunk in yet. These are the issues that come with globalization. There is a need to change the mindset of the governments and the stakeholders and arrive at a mechanism that benefits all.
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (WTO) AND GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS)
Most of our governments are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and have made substantial commitments under General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
The trade in services is governed primarily by domestic regulations, which control the supply of services as well as the presence of Foreign Service supplies. These domestic regulations are instituted to regulate the conduct and delivery of such services to protect public interests, culture and tradition as well as being a mechanism for protection of domestic industry. Malaysia is one of the signatories of GATS and a member of WTO and is obliged to adhere to the commitments made under the agreement. This is stipulated in the Schedule of Specific Commitments made by each of the member nations. Basically the GATS commitment deals with market access and national treatment of service suppliers in connection to;
• Cross-border supply (Mode 1)
Supply of service from a member country to customers within the border of another member country (e.g. telecommunications, postal, services offered through the internet.
• Consumption abroad (Mode2)
Customer crosses the border to consume a service in another member country (e.g. tourism, education or medical treatment overseas)
• Commercial presence (mode3)
Supply of service by a provider of a member country through a commercial presence established in another country. (e.g. Representative office, branch office or joint venture.)
• Presence of natural person (Mode4)
Supply of service by a provider of a member country through the presence of natural persons in another country. (E.g. lawyers, doctors, architects, engineers and other consultants)
Negotiations for progressive liberalization, which were ongoing at the WTO, were targeted to complete in January 2005. This target was not been met due to failure in negotiations in subsequent Ministerial Meetings after Doha. This setback is due to the negative state of readiness of developing countries to make further offers and the inconclusive Ministerial Meetings. The crux of the liberalization issues is to open up the domestic services market to foreign suppliers without any barriers. The negotiations on the level of market access are subject to several conditions, which include;
• Percentage limit on foreign equity;
• Whether foreign services suppliers are allowed to establish commercial presence independently or only through joint ventures with local firms; and
• Limitation on number of foreign personnel allowed providing services.
The WTO has become a household word now. We frequently hear and see debates on the matter in the mass media. Suddenly it attracts an astounding interest among the public at large. The attention has been due to the publicity of the public demonstration against the organization whenever a meeting is being held in any part of the world. The collapse of Fifth WTO Ministerial Conference in Cancun in September 2003 reaffirmed the unwillingness of the developed nations to accede to their commitments on agriculture subsidies which put the developing countries in disadvantaged positions. The protestors are right about the fact that inequalities have grown even faster with technologies and globalization. The global economic collapse that was due to deregulated regime in the financial sector is also the attribute of globalization and liberalization.
At the moment the Malaysian commitment with respect to the Architectural services (similarly to engineering services) reflects the current practice, where there is no restriction for cross-border and consumption abroad. The limitation to the practice of providing the services is that the works have to be authenticated by the domestic licensed professionals. On selected basis the foreign consultants may be given temporary registration to supply services. In most jurisdictions architectural services are provided by licensed or registered professionals and regulated by authorities to protect public interests. In Malaysia the profession is governed by the Architects Act and the Uniform Building By-law. This is the main reason any foreign consultants who want to supply their services must collaborate with local licensed professionals in Malaysia. The Architects Act is currently being reviewed to allow for a more liberal regime where majority equity ownership for foreign entities in line with the ASEAN Framework of Agreement on Services (AFAS).
The requirement for licensing in all jurisdictions is subject to the rules and laws of that territory. There has already been a tacit understanding among the community of architects worldwide to observe the code of practice, which gives due regard to the domestic laws, code of conduct, social, and environmental limitations. The work of the UIA Professional Practice Commission on the UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice has brought this to the forefront for adoption by the world architects. However it has not been recognized by the WTO as it is an NGO. UIA is currently working on developing a liaison with the WTO secretariat.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS (UIA)
Architecture as a profession is facing new challenges brought about by globalization and technological advancements. There are tremendous challenges and pressures to justify our relevance. The procurement and delivery of projects have also undergone major changes that involve project managers, financiers and corporate specialist. Architects are only a component of the overall scheme that has to be managed. High profile projects require substantial investments that need to generate returns and protection. Design and architecture are the selling points of the project. Hence project failures also bring adverse impact on the architect. Architecture as part of the urban environment represents a specific and major identity of the place and citizens. It contributes to economic development, employment and social integration. Architecture promotes the quality of life and cultural diversity.
Architectural dimensions have expanded due to the demands of globalization, climate change and sustainability. While the government has acknowledged the importance of sustainability and the environment, their impact on the environmental design and architecture are yet to be appreciated by the public at large. The appreciation of architecture is the challenge and not merely its commercialization. We have witnessed the mobility of architecture across the globe, in China, UAE and even in the holy city of Makkah where internationally renowned architects have been invited to prepare proposal for the expansion of Al Haram mosque. External interventions and economic objectives are issues, which we have to be concerned with, and which will also determine the form and way we practice architecture.
GLOBALISATION
Globalization is an economic phenomenon, which involves the integration of national economies through the expansion of global trade, investments and movement of capital along with the rapid increase in cross-border social, cultural and technological exchange. With the phenomenal advancement in ICT, globalization flourishes. We are trapped in this liberal world of cyber technology. There is less and less distinction in our lifestyle here in Asia or USA, Europe, China or the Middle East. It is becoming more and more trying for us to accept national culture as oppose to world culture. At press of a button the whole world is before you. This is the challenge. And what a challenge it is? We had gone through several global economic crises before and are still recovering from the severest one in 50 years, which started with the subprime mortgage crises in late 2006 in the USA. In 1997 we had the Asian Financial Crisis which witnessed the collapse of the Asian economies. Malaysia was the maverick and decided to do it alone. She closed her door a little to weather the storm much to the criticisms of those in control of the world financial system. This time around the whole world financial system collapses and the culprits abound.
So on 2nd April 7, 2009 the G20 met in London to mend the damage and the potential economic disaster the world would face if affirmative actions were not agreed upon by these select nations. Apart from the commitment to allocate USD 1.1 trillion to stimulate the world economy, there is also a curb on the free enterprise which was advocated by the Bush administration in favour of stricter control on the financial market. A year later the Greek economy floundered with the uncovering of massive deficit in the government’s budget. The country was virtually bankrupt and called for bail out from other EU states. On 9th May 2010 the EU Economic Ministers approved a rescue package of close to a trillion dollars to stabilize the financial system across the EU. The economic problems of the Euro zone have affected Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIGS). The aftermath of the subprime debacle in the US exacerbated the economic crises in Europe and globally.
Such economic crises and the world events that ensued are the outcomes of the global economy that we are in. As trading nations in the world, we are not spared from the impact of the global economic downturn. Hence it will also impact on the extent of development that we want to embark upon and accordingly the building and construction works which also determine our employment. The last decade saw frenzied developments across the globe. China and India were the stimuli that attracted architects from around the world to sell their services and expertise. The building and construction activities drove the demand for resources and energy to dizzying heights and the population were mesmerized onto believing that there is infinite economic growth and investments. Dubai in the UAE became the playground for bizarre designs. (Ref; the EDGE on 22 January 2007). The rationale for such immense development without any basis, neither feasibility nor sustainability was questionable. Yet the demand appeared to exceed supply then. The market was hungry for more and so the banks came up with innovative funding instruments and mechanisms. Then the bubble has burst and the building sites were abandoned. It will take years for the system to turn around as a lot of developers got hit badly.
The power of globalization has brought about wealth creation and accumulation in the developed world. The developing countries have been crying foul for the imbalance in the distribution of wealth between the East and West. The command of capital and services by the West gave rise to their dominance in the global economies and the rest follows i.e. politics, industry, military, etc.
U.S. trade in services continues to strengthen and their exports of services reached $535 billion in 2008, an increase of 12% over 2007. Her imports of services, meanwhile, grew 8% to $367 billion, leaving the United States with a services trade surplus of $167 billion. That surplus itself increased 21% over 2007, demonstrating the global competitiveness of the sector. Leading U.S. service exports include transportation and travel services, royalties and licensing fees, and a vast range of professional and business services, from financial services to information technology, advertising, telecommunications, management consulting, and legal, accounting, and many other professional services. The service sector accounts for nearly 80% of US private sector GDP, and employs 80% of the American workforce compared to 55% and 50% respectively for Malaysia. The volume of services trade had more than doubled from USD 1.3 trillion in 1997 to 3.3 trillion. For developing countries, they have to seek aggressively beyond their shores as the market for their services. It is already prevalent in some sectors of the economy, albeit the lower end of the spectrum.
Globalization has become an essential part of our lives. The Internet and advancement in ICT have reduced the world into one seamless global market where services cross borders both in the physical as well as the virtual environment. We no longer compete in a smaller domestic market but internationally. Services and business process outsourcing has become common where services are procured across borders. "Internetworking" has now become a common business tool which has increased communication capacity and services mobility exponentially. It is becoming impossible to restrict the movement of technology, culture, services, businesses and ideologies across borders.
As signatories to the GATS and a member of the WTO, we have to accept the imminent opening up of our domestic market. The multi lateral negotiation, which was launched at a ministerial conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001, which includes services trade, has yet to see success, even after successive rounds of meetings in subsequent years. The collapse of the negotiation is due to disagreement between the east and west, develop and developing countries and principally USA and EU against India and China. It stemmed from the insistence of the developing countries to link the agricultural sector and services. As there was no resolution on the agricultural negotiations, the services negotiations have stalled. However Malaysia is quite aggressive in wanting to liberalise the services industry as it sees it being the new engine of growth.
THE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION
Architecture, as a discipline, deals with the environment and habitat, so it cannot ignore the problems as well as progress that society is facing today. Architecture, engineering and other professions are the products of technological advancements of society. As long as we are exposed to world trade we must accept that the professionals would also have to adjust their mindset to look beyond the shores to acquire and export technologies and expertise. We are living in a borderless world exchanging technologies and developing new ones to prolong our existence.
The architectural profession is also perhaps the most visible of all in the context of globalization and colonization. The empires of Greece and Rome expanded through Europe at the dawn of human civilization and left, as their legacies, the architectural monuments and technologies that came with them. The Islamic empire that spread through Europe and Asia was similarly endowed with fine architectural legacies and engineering feats which manifested itself in the Moorish monuments through Spain and the Ottomans’ in Turkey and the Balkans. This globalization process has not differed till today. It came together with the movement of trade as well as conquerors.
The colonization of countries in Asia by the British and Europeans left us with the monuments and lifestyles upon which we have based our administration. The planning of our towns and settlements has been the result of the influence of the British or European colonizers. In the modern days architectural treatment of our built environment and buildings are the results of the skills acquired by our professionals from education and technologies/or in foreign countries. International conferences on design and urbanism are being held regularly in foreign countries to promote new exchanges of ideas. Building technologies, products, materials and finishes were imported from the west. Now we built factories domestically with foreign capital to produce them to be closer to their markets. Building components and products which are extensively manufactured in China are finding their ways to modern buildings across the globe. So design and architecture are borderless.
Developments in under developed countries started with the assistance of the developed nations and bodies such as the World Bank, UNDP, ADB, JAICA and other foreign loan assistance programs. Part of the deal was to engage foreign consultants to undertake studies and consultancy services for those foreign aid projects. We then developed a culture of importing foreigners in almost all major public projects, which renders the local consultants subservient to their foreign counterparts. This culture and attitude seem to be embedded in the minds of the client bodies who regard local architects and engineers merely as facilitators for project implementation rather than experts in their field. The fact that local consultants are capable of undertaking projects of any magnitude has not sunk in yet. These are the issues that come with globalization. There is a need to change the mindset of the governments and the stakeholders and arrive at a mechanism that benefits all.
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (WTO) AND GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS)
Most of our governments are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and have made substantial commitments under General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
The trade in services is governed primarily by domestic regulations, which control the supply of services as well as the presence of Foreign Service supplies. These domestic regulations are instituted to regulate the conduct and delivery of such services to protect public interests, culture and tradition as well as being a mechanism for protection of domestic industry. Malaysia is one of the signatories of GATS and a member of WTO and is obliged to adhere to the commitments made under the agreement. This is stipulated in the Schedule of Specific Commitments made by each of the member nations. Basically the GATS commitment deals with market access and national treatment of service suppliers in connection to;
• Cross-border supply (Mode 1)
Supply of service from a member country to customers within the border of another member country (e.g. telecommunications, postal, services offered through the internet.
• Consumption abroad (Mode2)
Customer crosses the border to consume a service in another member country (e.g. tourism, education or medical treatment overseas)
• Commercial presence (mode3)
Supply of service by a provider of a member country through a commercial presence established in another country. (e.g. Representative office, branch office or joint venture.)
• Presence of natural person (Mode4)
Supply of service by a provider of a member country through the presence of natural persons in another country. (E.g. lawyers, doctors, architects, engineers and other consultants)
Negotiations for progressive liberalization, which were ongoing at the WTO, were targeted to complete in January 2005. This target was not been met due to failure in negotiations in subsequent Ministerial Meetings after Doha. This setback is due to the negative state of readiness of developing countries to make further offers and the inconclusive Ministerial Meetings. The crux of the liberalization issues is to open up the domestic services market to foreign suppliers without any barriers. The negotiations on the level of market access are subject to several conditions, which include;
• Percentage limit on foreign equity;
• Whether foreign services suppliers are allowed to establish commercial presence independently or only through joint ventures with local firms; and
• Limitation on number of foreign personnel allowed providing services.
The WTO has become a household word now. We frequently hear and see debates on the matter in the mass media. Suddenly it attracts an astounding interest among the public at large. The attention has been due to the publicity of the public demonstration against the organization whenever a meeting is being held in any part of the world. The collapse of Fifth WTO Ministerial Conference in Cancun in September 2003 reaffirmed the unwillingness of the developed nations to accede to their commitments on agriculture subsidies which put the developing countries in disadvantaged positions. The protestors are right about the fact that inequalities have grown even faster with technologies and globalization. The global economic collapse that was due to deregulated regime in the financial sector is also the attribute of globalization and liberalization.
At the moment the Malaysian commitment with respect to the Architectural services (similarly to engineering services) reflects the current practice, where there is no restriction for cross-border and consumption abroad. The limitation to the practice of providing the services is that the works have to be authenticated by the domestic licensed professionals. On selected basis the foreign consultants may be given temporary registration to supply services. In most jurisdictions architectural services are provided by licensed or registered professionals and regulated by authorities to protect public interests. In Malaysia the profession is governed by the Architects Act and the Uniform Building By-law. This is the main reason any foreign consultants who want to supply their services must collaborate with local licensed professionals in Malaysia. The Architects Act is currently being reviewed to allow for a more liberal regime where majority equity ownership for foreign entities in line with the ASEAN Framework of Agreement on Services (AFAS).
The requirement for licensing in all jurisdictions is subject to the rules and laws of that territory. There has already been a tacit understanding among the community of architects worldwide to observe the code of practice, which gives due regard to the domestic laws, code of conduct, social, and environmental limitations. The work of the UIA Professional Practice Commission on the UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice has brought this to the forefront for adoption by the world architects. However it has not been recognized by the WTO as it is an NGO. UIA is currently working on developing a liaison with the WTO secretariat.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS (UIA)
The International Union of Architects (Union International des Architects or UIA) was founded in 1948 to unite the architects of all countries in a federation of their national organizations. The UIA now represents some 1,300,000 architects in 124 countries and has a mission to represent all architectural organizations and individual architects of different countries, with parallel non-government organizations of other disciplines, and with intergovernmental institutions.
The product of architecture is one of the most visible results of the architectural profession globally. It is also recognised that the mobility of the services have been enhanced with the readily accessible services of the internet which makes the first two modes of supply namely, cross-border and consumption abroad completely liberal. Accordingly, the UIA through the Professional Practice Commission (PPC) established 1994 formulated, the “UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice” (the Accord) and seven related Accord policy guidelines. The Accord contains a statement of principles of professionalism and a series of 16 policy issues in a format of definitions and background statements followed by policy statements. It is an advisory document that is the result of the co-operative effort of the international community of architects to objectively establish standards and practices that will best serve community interests. This is the first time the profession of architecture has adopted a global standard.
Recognising the global nature of the profession and in response to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) the UIA had included in the Accord a Policy on Practice in Host Nation. It states that
Architects providing architectural services on a project in a country in which they are not registered shall collaborate with a local architect to ensure that proper and effective understanding is given to legal, environmental, social, cultural, and heritage factors. The conditions of the association should be determined by the parties alone in accordance with UIA ethical standards and local statutes and laws.
What it means is that foreign Architects are not encouraged to set up independent practice with 100% equity but to collaborate with the local counterpart. The stringent licensing requirements of the profession also require the Architect to be a permanent residence in the host jurisdiction. Commercial presence is applicable provided that the Architect is present to assume the liabilities under the local statutes. The liberalization of the practice of architecture must recognize the sovereign right of each jurisdiction to establish its professional standards at whatever level it deems appropriate for the environmental, social, cultural, public health, safety, and welfare interests of its citizens.
The UIA council meeting in Sydney on 17th -18th January 2010 approved the insertion in the Practice in Host Nation guideline as proposed by Douglas Steild, C0-Chairman of PPC;
“When practicing in a host nation, the foreign architect should either be registered in that country or should enter into a contractual relationship with an architect duly registered in the host country”.
UIA AND WTO
On 5th October 2009 the UIA was for the first time invited to be represented at a meeting of the WTO’s Council for Trade in Services. UIA representative, Mr. Russell Kune, a former Director of the UIA Professional Practice Commission presented the state of the architectural practice internationally and the achievements of UIA PPC in developing the Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice. The WTO representatives have a lot to learn about private sector architectural services. This is due to the fact that communication with the WTO has to be done by government and not NGO’s. The UIA was able to circulate to the entire WTO membership a statement of its interest in, and accomplishments related to, the General Agreement on Trade in Services and their 2006 document “Draft Disciplines on Domestic Regulation in the Architectural Sector”. There was a positive acknowledgment of the accomplishment by UIA and closer liaison with WTO secretariat is expected in future. UIA hopes that Member Sections would forward their comments and progress on their country’s commitment on GATS for compilation into a UIA document. This will form a basis for reference for WTO member countries in their future negotiations or Mutual Recognition Arrangement particularly on Architectural services.
The process of liberalization needs to be done progressively. This shall take cognizance of the need to recognize qualifications and training in line with the Accord policies. Invariably the step toward opening up the market for services has to be initiated by a Mutual Recognition Arrangements among jurisdictions. This practice has been adopted between USA and EU (ACE, NCARB & AIA) in 2005, ACE & RUSSIA, ACE & MEXICO. It would be unwise to completely liberalize without deliberating the reciprocity pertaining to the qualifications of the professionals involved.
UIA’s mission is also to deal with the global challenges with regard to the built environment. Among the many work programs it conducts are sustainability and renewable energy sources, urban expansion and disaster management, intermediate cities and world urbanization, architects and society, health, tourism, cultural identity and heritage. Following the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, on 7 to 18 December 2009, the UIA is committed to reducing, or reversing, the negative impact of the built environment on the global climate. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15) the UIA is initiating its Sustainable by Design strategy, which will lead to the adoption of practical programs at the UIA World Congress and General Assembly in Tokyo in 2011. PAM has responded well in promoting the Green Building Index (GBI) to inculcate not only the awareness of sustainability but also to respond to the new benchmark for rating architecture and the built environment.
APEC Architect
The first APEC Architect project meeting, chaired by Australia, was held on 17-18 September 2001, in Brisbane Australia. The meeting was attended by delegations from Australia, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and the United States of America.
The aim of the APEC Architect Project was to establish a mechanism to facilitate mobility for architects for the provision of professional architectural services in participating APEC economies. Architects who meet the criteria set out by the relevant authority may ultimately apply to be listed in the APEC Architect Register. This will be achieved through the identification of an agreed common sequence and elements in the education, training and assessment of architects as qualified to be registered to provide professional architectural services in the home economy, consisting of:a) An agreed accreditation or recognition procedure for education programs in architecture;
b) An agreed minimum period of postgraduate practical experience, with specified prerequisites;
c) The fulfillment of registration, licensing or other requirements for full professional recognition; and
d) An agreed minimum period of professional practice as a registered or licensed architect, with specified prerequisites.
The Central Council was formally established in Tokyo on 1st June 2005 and the launched of the APEC Architect register by the respective Monitoring Committees was in September 2005 with the following pronouncements.
Application for Registration
The Monitoring Committee of each economy is responsible for all matters connected with the registration of APEC Architects within that economy. It undertakes the assessment of applications for APEC Architect registration and the evaluation of individual records of professional experience.
Application for registration as an APEC Architect should be addressed to the Monitoring Committee of the economy in which the applicant resides permanently and has primary registration / licensure as an architect (the ‘home economy’). It must be accompanied by a completed ‘Record of Seven Year Period of Professional Experience as a Registered / Licensed Architect’, supported by appropriate references. In some circumstances candidates for APEC Architect registration may be required to attend an interview. (An assessment fee determined by the Monitoring Committee will be payable on application)
APEC Architects will be issued with Central Council Certificate of Registration and APEC Architect Identification Cards on admission to the APEC Architect Register, to verify the currency of their registration and to facilitate access to independent practice in other participating economies.
Eligibility for Registration
APEC Architect registration applies only to individual persons. To be eligible for admission to the APEC Architect Register, candidates must demonstrate to the Monitoring Committee of their home economy that they:
• have completed an accredited/recognised program of architectural education;
• have fulfilled the necessary pre-registration experience requirements;
• are currently registered / licensed as architects in their home economy;
• have gained at least seven years of professional experience as an architect in specified categories of practice;
• comply with continuing professional development obligations prescribed by the home economy regulatory authority;
• are bound by a home economy code of professional conduct.
The impact of the APEC Architect registration is yet to be seen as it is still at its formative stage. The main obstacles are related to the varying domestic rule and regulations on registration/licensure for architects. Recognizing this complexity, the Central Council chose to adopt the APEC Architect Reciprocal Recognition Framework based on a progression of liberalization regimes toward complete mobility.
ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) – ASEAN Architect
In addition to the cooperation that we hope to achieve through the APEC Architect grouping, we had also established the ASEAN Architect registration. The ASEAN Member states have also made additional commitments under the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services known as GATS plus. On 15th December 1995 the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services was signed by the Governments of the Member States with the objective of expanding the scope of liberalization beyond the commitments made by ASEAN under GATS and toward the realization of ASEAN Economic Community. Several meetings of the sectoral working groups in the Coordinating Committee followed on Services (CCS) that established protocols and timelines for the liberalization targets for the various services sectors.
On 27th November 2007, our ASEAN Economic Ministers signed the ASEAN Agreement on Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on Architectural Services, to facilitate the mobility of professionals within ASEAN and enhance information exchange in order to promote best practices on standards of architectural education, professional practice and qualification. Several meetings of the Expert Group on Architectural Services over the last few years culminated with the establishment of the ASEAN Architect Council, whose main functions include; maintaining a Register of ASEAN Architects (AAR), promote strategies toward the reduction of barriers to practice by AA and generally monitor the successful implementation of the MRA. Hence on 30th June 2009 the ASEAN Architect Council was inaugurated in Bagan, Myanmar. Malaysia was chosen as the Secretariat and Chairman for a 2 year term. The first ASEAN Architect Congress was held on 1st - 4th July 2010 to network, talk about design, innovation, creativity, green technology and sustainability in Kuala Lumpur.
The APEC Model has been adopted in the ASEAN Architect register in view of a number of Member States are also within the APEC region and to avoid duplication. Hence the qualification requirements are also similar. Each of the participating Member States shall register their Architects who meet our prerequisite as ASEAN Architects. This will facilitate them to move across borders to practice as the Professional Regulatory Authority of the respective ASEAN country duly recognizes their qualifications. The registration of the ASEAN Architect shall be done through the respective Monitoring Committee of each of the participating Member State. To strengthen the spirit of cooperation, the foreign architect will collaborate with the Architect from the host country.
Requirements for registration as ASEAN Architect (AA)
An architect or practitioner who meets the following qualifications, practical experience and conditions is eligible for registration as an AA:
(a) completed an accredited or recognized architectural programme;
(b) is a registered Architect with BOA,
(c) acquired practical and diversified experience of not less than ten years of practice of architecture since graduation, of which five years shall be after licensure/registration;
(d) has spent at least two years in responsible charge of significant architectural work;
(e) complied with the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) policy at a satisfactory level; and
(f) agrees to be bound by code of professional conduct and ethics.
Completion of an accredited or recognized architectural programme
An applicant for registration with the MC as an AA must have completed an accredited architectural degree recognized by the Professional Regulatory Authority i.e., Board of Architects Malaysia as well as registered with the same.
Attainment of a minimum of 10 years of practical experience since graduation, of which 5 years shall be after licensure
A professional architect or practitioner is eligible for registration as an AA if he/she has at least 10 years of relevant practical work experience after completing the accredited or recognized architectural programme. Assessment of practical work experience shall be carried out through:
a) submission of a report describing the type, significance and level of responsibility of the practical architectural work experience attained over a period of at least 10 years since graduation, of which 5 years shall be after licensure. The report must demonstrate that the candidate has engaged in professional practice which, directly or indirectly, calls upon his architectural knowledge, skills, experience and judgment, and has a significant influence on the technical direction of architectural projects or programmes; and
b) a professional interview to review the practical work experience claimed and assess the relevance and adequacy for registration.
Completion of at least 2 years in responsible charge of significant architectural work
1. An architect should have spent at least 2 years in responsible charge of significant engineering work and this period could be within the course of the practical work experience since graduation. Assessment will be carried out based on a report to be submitted by the architect to the MC.
2. Responsible charge of significant architectural work would be assessed as being equivalent to any one of the following situations:
i) planned, designed and implemented a complete architectural project;
ii) undertaken a substantial part of architectural project while understanding the total project concept;
iii) Undertaken a project that requires multi-disciplinary, complex or novel work responsibility.
Maintenance of Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
1. Every AA is required to engage in CPD to the extent that meets the prevailing norms prescribed by Board of Architects for the renewal of registration as an architect as stipulated in the Architects Act 1967.
2. The objectives of the Board of Architects CPD programme is to reinforce the need for lifelong learning and to provide a framework through which professional Architect could systematically maintain and enhance competency. Board of Architects’s requirement on CPD is attainment of a minimum of 10 CPD points per year.
3. Every AA shall be required to submit evidence on compliance with the CPD requirement.
Compliance with Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics
1. All architects who are registered with the Board of Architects are bound by the Architects Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics and Rules. The MC will also require all Architects who are registered on the AA to be bound by the same Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics and Rules.
2. Every AA will be held individually accountable for his/her actions taken in their professional work. In his/her practice of architecture, he/she shall not have any record of serious violation on technical, professional or ethical standards, either in Malaysia or elsewhere.
3. Every AA is bound by the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics Rules to practice only in areas which they are competent in.
MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
The Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and the Board of Architects Malaysia work hand in hand in to deal with the issues on globalization and liberalization of the architectural services. Through its Joint LAM-PAM International Affairs Committee they engage the Ministry of International Trade and Industry for consultations on all matters affecting architecture services liberalization and negotiations. Apart from covering WTO, APEC and ASEAN, LAM-PAM are also consulted on the Free Trade Agreements negotiations. Several road shows and seminars have been held to specifically appraise architects on globalization, liberalization and capacity building for services export.
The Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) has been conscious of globalization and particularly the need to export architectural services, especially with the property downturn during the lean period and the proliferation of foreign architects during the boom period. PAM has been most vocal in its reaction against the activities of foreign architects and other consultants who have been practicing illegally in the country without registration. These practitioners have managed to flout the law through collaboration with local client organizations and professionals. This is perhaps the biggest hurdle that the sector has in trying to build up its capacity. With the liberalization policy of the government that may allow foreign equity of 100% in 2012 in the services sector, the Architect Act is being reviewed to legitimize the practice of foreign architects in collaboration with local architects. In the mean time local architects are encouraged to hone and develop their skills to be world–class architects and service providers.
Protective stance toward their respective domestic market is prevalent in most countries. It will be difficult to expect that the foreign countries will willingly open their markets to Foreign Service providers without a fight or trade-offs. Therefore a concerted effort by the government, corporate entities and the professionals to execute our export plan is necessary. The National Professional Services Export Council (NAPSEC) was formed to address this matter. NAPSEC will represent all Professional Service Providers (PSPs) who want to export their respective services and include the relevant government agencies, which govern the conduct and activities of the relevant PSPs.
CONCLUSION
Today, the world is facing major crises: political, environmental, climatic, financial and social, all of which are to do with our survival on this planet. We have to seek creative and innovative answers to all of them. For us architects, planners and designers, it presents a challenge to arrive at new technological, economic, social, political and environmental solutions.
We are working in a virtually borderless global market. Our products must respond to the desires of international consumers, corporations and citizens. It does not mean that we have to sacrifice our national and cultural identities in our endeavour to be a fully developed nation. Liberalization is imminent as the demand for excellence is growing among the end users. We will see the increase of foreign technologies and expertise in our practice. The developers/clients are not going to be easy on us as they will demand for the best at competitive rates. They have the whole world at their disposal to get the best.
Our domestic statutes and regulations that are supposed to be protecting our “rice bowl” are going to be reviewed to allow mobility of the profession across border. The Competitive Rule as an example in the EU and US strictly prohibits the mandatory scale of professional fees. It is imperative that we have to enhance our capacities and capabilities to be world class and equally competitive. To supplement the training that we get at the universities, we have to establish training programs and systems for practicing architects. Compulsory CPD training and acquiring new skill sets such as green technology, ICT, BIM, etc are the few examples.
Dato Sri Ar Esa Mohamed.
Akitek Jururancang (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
2nd October 2010
To view Power Point Presentation on the related topic, please click on the link below:
GLOBALISATION OF ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES & GATS
The product of architecture is one of the most visible results of the architectural profession globally. It is also recognised that the mobility of the services have been enhanced with the readily accessible services of the internet which makes the first two modes of supply namely, cross-border and consumption abroad completely liberal. Accordingly, the UIA through the Professional Practice Commission (PPC) established 1994 formulated, the “UIA Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice” (the Accord) and seven related Accord policy guidelines. The Accord contains a statement of principles of professionalism and a series of 16 policy issues in a format of definitions and background statements followed by policy statements. It is an advisory document that is the result of the co-operative effort of the international community of architects to objectively establish standards and practices that will best serve community interests. This is the first time the profession of architecture has adopted a global standard.
Recognising the global nature of the profession and in response to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) the UIA had included in the Accord a Policy on Practice in Host Nation. It states that
Architects providing architectural services on a project in a country in which they are not registered shall collaborate with a local architect to ensure that proper and effective understanding is given to legal, environmental, social, cultural, and heritage factors. The conditions of the association should be determined by the parties alone in accordance with UIA ethical standards and local statutes and laws.
What it means is that foreign Architects are not encouraged to set up independent practice with 100% equity but to collaborate with the local counterpart. The stringent licensing requirements of the profession also require the Architect to be a permanent residence in the host jurisdiction. Commercial presence is applicable provided that the Architect is present to assume the liabilities under the local statutes. The liberalization of the practice of architecture must recognize the sovereign right of each jurisdiction to establish its professional standards at whatever level it deems appropriate for the environmental, social, cultural, public health, safety, and welfare interests of its citizens.
The UIA council meeting in Sydney on 17th -18th January 2010 approved the insertion in the Practice in Host Nation guideline as proposed by Douglas Steild, C0-Chairman of PPC;
“When practicing in a host nation, the foreign architect should either be registered in that country or should enter into a contractual relationship with an architect duly registered in the host country”.
UIA AND WTO
On 5th October 2009 the UIA was for the first time invited to be represented at a meeting of the WTO’s Council for Trade in Services. UIA representative, Mr. Russell Kune, a former Director of the UIA Professional Practice Commission presented the state of the architectural practice internationally and the achievements of UIA PPC in developing the Accord on Recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice. The WTO representatives have a lot to learn about private sector architectural services. This is due to the fact that communication with the WTO has to be done by government and not NGO’s. The UIA was able to circulate to the entire WTO membership a statement of its interest in, and accomplishments related to, the General Agreement on Trade in Services and their 2006 document “Draft Disciplines on Domestic Regulation in the Architectural Sector”. There was a positive acknowledgment of the accomplishment by UIA and closer liaison with WTO secretariat is expected in future. UIA hopes that Member Sections would forward their comments and progress on their country’s commitment on GATS for compilation into a UIA document. This will form a basis for reference for WTO member countries in their future negotiations or Mutual Recognition Arrangement particularly on Architectural services.
The process of liberalization needs to be done progressively. This shall take cognizance of the need to recognize qualifications and training in line with the Accord policies. Invariably the step toward opening up the market for services has to be initiated by a Mutual Recognition Arrangements among jurisdictions. This practice has been adopted between USA and EU (ACE, NCARB & AIA) in 2005, ACE & RUSSIA, ACE & MEXICO. It would be unwise to completely liberalize without deliberating the reciprocity pertaining to the qualifications of the professionals involved.
UIA’s mission is also to deal with the global challenges with regard to the built environment. Among the many work programs it conducts are sustainability and renewable energy sources, urban expansion and disaster management, intermediate cities and world urbanization, architects and society, health, tourism, cultural identity and heritage. Following the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, on 7 to 18 December 2009, the UIA is committed to reducing, or reversing, the negative impact of the built environment on the global climate. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15) the UIA is initiating its Sustainable by Design strategy, which will lead to the adoption of practical programs at the UIA World Congress and General Assembly in Tokyo in 2011. PAM has responded well in promoting the Green Building Index (GBI) to inculcate not only the awareness of sustainability but also to respond to the new benchmark for rating architecture and the built environment.
APEC Architect
The first APEC Architect project meeting, chaired by Australia, was held on 17-18 September 2001, in Brisbane Australia. The meeting was attended by delegations from Australia, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and the United States of America.
The aim of the APEC Architect Project was to establish a mechanism to facilitate mobility for architects for the provision of professional architectural services in participating APEC economies. Architects who meet the criteria set out by the relevant authority may ultimately apply to be listed in the APEC Architect Register. This will be achieved through the identification of an agreed common sequence and elements in the education, training and assessment of architects as qualified to be registered to provide professional architectural services in the home economy, consisting of:a) An agreed accreditation or recognition procedure for education programs in architecture;
b) An agreed minimum period of postgraduate practical experience, with specified prerequisites;
c) The fulfillment of registration, licensing or other requirements for full professional recognition; and
d) An agreed minimum period of professional practice as a registered or licensed architect, with specified prerequisites.
The Central Council was formally established in Tokyo on 1st June 2005 and the launched of the APEC Architect register by the respective Monitoring Committees was in September 2005 with the following pronouncements.
Application for Registration
The Monitoring Committee of each economy is responsible for all matters connected with the registration of APEC Architects within that economy. It undertakes the assessment of applications for APEC Architect registration and the evaluation of individual records of professional experience.
Application for registration as an APEC Architect should be addressed to the Monitoring Committee of the economy in which the applicant resides permanently and has primary registration / licensure as an architect (the ‘home economy’). It must be accompanied by a completed ‘Record of Seven Year Period of Professional Experience as a Registered / Licensed Architect’, supported by appropriate references. In some circumstances candidates for APEC Architect registration may be required to attend an interview. (An assessment fee determined by the Monitoring Committee will be payable on application)
APEC Architects will be issued with Central Council Certificate of Registration and APEC Architect Identification Cards on admission to the APEC Architect Register, to verify the currency of their registration and to facilitate access to independent practice in other participating economies.
Eligibility for Registration
APEC Architect registration applies only to individual persons. To be eligible for admission to the APEC Architect Register, candidates must demonstrate to the Monitoring Committee of their home economy that they:
• have completed an accredited/recognised program of architectural education;
• have fulfilled the necessary pre-registration experience requirements;
• are currently registered / licensed as architects in their home economy;
• have gained at least seven years of professional experience as an architect in specified categories of practice;
• comply with continuing professional development obligations prescribed by the home economy regulatory authority;
• are bound by a home economy code of professional conduct.
The impact of the APEC Architect registration is yet to be seen as it is still at its formative stage. The main obstacles are related to the varying domestic rule and regulations on registration/licensure for architects. Recognizing this complexity, the Central Council chose to adopt the APEC Architect Reciprocal Recognition Framework based on a progression of liberalization regimes toward complete mobility.
ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) – ASEAN Architect
In addition to the cooperation that we hope to achieve through the APEC Architect grouping, we had also established the ASEAN Architect registration. The ASEAN Member states have also made additional commitments under the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services known as GATS plus. On 15th December 1995 the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services was signed by the Governments of the Member States with the objective of expanding the scope of liberalization beyond the commitments made by ASEAN under GATS and toward the realization of ASEAN Economic Community. Several meetings of the sectoral working groups in the Coordinating Committee followed on Services (CCS) that established protocols and timelines for the liberalization targets for the various services sectors.
On 27th November 2007, our ASEAN Economic Ministers signed the ASEAN Agreement on Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on Architectural Services, to facilitate the mobility of professionals within ASEAN and enhance information exchange in order to promote best practices on standards of architectural education, professional practice and qualification. Several meetings of the Expert Group on Architectural Services over the last few years culminated with the establishment of the ASEAN Architect Council, whose main functions include; maintaining a Register of ASEAN Architects (AAR), promote strategies toward the reduction of barriers to practice by AA and generally monitor the successful implementation of the MRA. Hence on 30th June 2009 the ASEAN Architect Council was inaugurated in Bagan, Myanmar. Malaysia was chosen as the Secretariat and Chairman for a 2 year term. The first ASEAN Architect Congress was held on 1st - 4th July 2010 to network, talk about design, innovation, creativity, green technology and sustainability in Kuala Lumpur.
The APEC Model has been adopted in the ASEAN Architect register in view of a number of Member States are also within the APEC region and to avoid duplication. Hence the qualification requirements are also similar. Each of the participating Member States shall register their Architects who meet our prerequisite as ASEAN Architects. This will facilitate them to move across borders to practice as the Professional Regulatory Authority of the respective ASEAN country duly recognizes their qualifications. The registration of the ASEAN Architect shall be done through the respective Monitoring Committee of each of the participating Member State. To strengthen the spirit of cooperation, the foreign architect will collaborate with the Architect from the host country.
Requirements for registration as ASEAN Architect (AA)
An architect or practitioner who meets the following qualifications, practical experience and conditions is eligible for registration as an AA:
(a) completed an accredited or recognized architectural programme;
(b) is a registered Architect with BOA,
(c) acquired practical and diversified experience of not less than ten years of practice of architecture since graduation, of which five years shall be after licensure/registration;
(d) has spent at least two years in responsible charge of significant architectural work;
(e) complied with the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) policy at a satisfactory level; and
(f) agrees to be bound by code of professional conduct and ethics.
Completion of an accredited or recognized architectural programme
An applicant for registration with the MC as an AA must have completed an accredited architectural degree recognized by the Professional Regulatory Authority i.e., Board of Architects Malaysia as well as registered with the same.
Attainment of a minimum of 10 years of practical experience since graduation, of which 5 years shall be after licensure
A professional architect or practitioner is eligible for registration as an AA if he/she has at least 10 years of relevant practical work experience after completing the accredited or recognized architectural programme. Assessment of practical work experience shall be carried out through:
a) submission of a report describing the type, significance and level of responsibility of the practical architectural work experience attained over a period of at least 10 years since graduation, of which 5 years shall be after licensure. The report must demonstrate that the candidate has engaged in professional practice which, directly or indirectly, calls upon his architectural knowledge, skills, experience and judgment, and has a significant influence on the technical direction of architectural projects or programmes; and
b) a professional interview to review the practical work experience claimed and assess the relevance and adequacy for registration.
Completion of at least 2 years in responsible charge of significant architectural work
1. An architect should have spent at least 2 years in responsible charge of significant engineering work and this period could be within the course of the practical work experience since graduation. Assessment will be carried out based on a report to be submitted by the architect to the MC.
2. Responsible charge of significant architectural work would be assessed as being equivalent to any one of the following situations:
i) planned, designed and implemented a complete architectural project;
ii) undertaken a substantial part of architectural project while understanding the total project concept;
iii) Undertaken a project that requires multi-disciplinary, complex or novel work responsibility.
Maintenance of Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
1. Every AA is required to engage in CPD to the extent that meets the prevailing norms prescribed by Board of Architects for the renewal of registration as an architect as stipulated in the Architects Act 1967.
2. The objectives of the Board of Architects CPD programme is to reinforce the need for lifelong learning and to provide a framework through which professional Architect could systematically maintain and enhance competency. Board of Architects’s requirement on CPD is attainment of a minimum of 10 CPD points per year.
3. Every AA shall be required to submit evidence on compliance with the CPD requirement.
Compliance with Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics
1. All architects who are registered with the Board of Architects are bound by the Architects Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics and Rules. The MC will also require all Architects who are registered on the AA to be bound by the same Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics and Rules.
2. Every AA will be held individually accountable for his/her actions taken in their professional work. In his/her practice of architecture, he/she shall not have any record of serious violation on technical, professional or ethical standards, either in Malaysia or elsewhere.
3. Every AA is bound by the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics Rules to practice only in areas which they are competent in.
MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
The Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and the Board of Architects Malaysia work hand in hand in to deal with the issues on globalization and liberalization of the architectural services. Through its Joint LAM-PAM International Affairs Committee they engage the Ministry of International Trade and Industry for consultations on all matters affecting architecture services liberalization and negotiations. Apart from covering WTO, APEC and ASEAN, LAM-PAM are also consulted on the Free Trade Agreements negotiations. Several road shows and seminars have been held to specifically appraise architects on globalization, liberalization and capacity building for services export.
The Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) has been conscious of globalization and particularly the need to export architectural services, especially with the property downturn during the lean period and the proliferation of foreign architects during the boom period. PAM has been most vocal in its reaction against the activities of foreign architects and other consultants who have been practicing illegally in the country without registration. These practitioners have managed to flout the law through collaboration with local client organizations and professionals. This is perhaps the biggest hurdle that the sector has in trying to build up its capacity. With the liberalization policy of the government that may allow foreign equity of 100% in 2012 in the services sector, the Architect Act is being reviewed to legitimize the practice of foreign architects in collaboration with local architects. In the mean time local architects are encouraged to hone and develop their skills to be world–class architects and service providers.
Protective stance toward their respective domestic market is prevalent in most countries. It will be difficult to expect that the foreign countries will willingly open their markets to Foreign Service providers without a fight or trade-offs. Therefore a concerted effort by the government, corporate entities and the professionals to execute our export plan is necessary. The National Professional Services Export Council (NAPSEC) was formed to address this matter. NAPSEC will represent all Professional Service Providers (PSPs) who want to export their respective services and include the relevant government agencies, which govern the conduct and activities of the relevant PSPs.
CONCLUSION
Today, the world is facing major crises: political, environmental, climatic, financial and social, all of which are to do with our survival on this planet. We have to seek creative and innovative answers to all of them. For us architects, planners and designers, it presents a challenge to arrive at new technological, economic, social, political and environmental solutions.
We are working in a virtually borderless global market. Our products must respond to the desires of international consumers, corporations and citizens. It does not mean that we have to sacrifice our national and cultural identities in our endeavour to be a fully developed nation. Liberalization is imminent as the demand for excellence is growing among the end users. We will see the increase of foreign technologies and expertise in our practice. The developers/clients are not going to be easy on us as they will demand for the best at competitive rates. They have the whole world at their disposal to get the best.
Our domestic statutes and regulations that are supposed to be protecting our “rice bowl” are going to be reviewed to allow mobility of the profession across border. The Competitive Rule as an example in the EU and US strictly prohibits the mandatory scale of professional fees. It is imperative that we have to enhance our capacities and capabilities to be world class and equally competitive. To supplement the training that we get at the universities, we have to establish training programs and systems for practicing architects. Compulsory CPD training and acquiring new skill sets such as green technology, ICT, BIM, etc are the few examples.
Dato Sri Ar Esa Mohamed.
Akitek Jururancang (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
2nd October 2010
To view Power Point Presentation on the related topic, please click on the link below:
GLOBALISATION OF ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES & GATS
Esa Mohamed’s UIA Presidential Election Manifesto
What is UIA?
ARCHITECTS have been responsible for shaping the built environment throughout the history of human civilization.
Now they work and design across nations to create exciting new structures and habitats. Yet many of us don't realize that there is an International Union of Architects, or UIA, headquartered in Paris, that represents more than one million architects worldwide.
What is its role?
What is its main purpose?
UIA is an international body that represents more than 1 million architects globally. Its aim is to unite the world’s architects to share progressive ideas in architecture, planning, sustaining cultural values and the built environment. It is in the statutes.
Architecture is culture. Governments must adopt this precept.
Its established structure of work programs and commissions includes matters related to Responsible Architecture, Effects on Society, Urbanization, Habitat, Cultural Identity, Renewable Energy sources, City planning, Disasters, Building Facilities and many more. Additionally there are three commissions: Architectural Education, Professional Practice and International Competitions. A lot of work has been achieved voluntarily in these areas since its incorporation in 1948.
UIA unites all who are concerned about the living environment!
My reasons for running for the UIA Presidency
It is a noble NGO. Its membership deals with every aspect that affects human lives and habitation. I want every government and person on this planet to subscribe to our objectives and be aware that architects are responsible for creating built environments that are sustainable, stimulating and conducive to healthy living.
I would like the world to know that UIA is the perfect vehicle for harnessing resources and knowledge from the world’s member states. It is a hotbed of ideas and innovations that can be shared by everyone with interests in the living environment. I have witnessed cooperation among architects across borders irrespective of their colour, race or religion. The energy is immense.
Members aspirations
The Institutes or Associations of Architects represent our members from each country. So the architects in that country are UIA members by default. They want to see UIA as the umbrella body which they can consult for advice on local issues that affect their practices or built environment. UIA should be influential enough to advise governments.
It should be the bastion of best practice standards that are tailored to the conditions of each region. Their government and regulators should be well advised of the international best practice standards that have been agreed to by Architects globally. This is in line with the liberalization of services that have been subscribed to by governments in the WTO.
Global networking facilitates the mobility of architects: an area which has generated a lot of interest due to the liberalization of trade in services through the WTO. UIA can also be the agent to monitor and provide the framework which allows architects to work outside their country for mutual benefits without raising controversies.
Education, training and the young Architects
The UNESCO-UIA validation system provides standards and quality of education and training of architects that should be adopted. What is the best approach to popularise this adoption? Some countries already have their respective accreditation system. To be inclusive, UIA needs to engage validators and cooperate in recognising them.
The Canberra Accord is already an ongoing entity which UIA should maximise to promote the UNESCO-UIA validation in whatever form.
UIA can be the conduit for universities to network and share knowledge and research projects across borders. This will give opportunities for students from various countries to connect with each other. UIA activities should be introduced in the universities.
We now have a committee on young architects. Their perception of architecture, society and environment is changing in our new world today. Technology, innovations and information flows freely across the globe. The Young architects have a lot of new ideas and innovations, which should be harnessed. We need to make them more visible now. Theirs voices must be heard a lot more. They are our future.
Challenges
The main challenge is the mindset that needs changing. People have to know UIA! Architects and governments must see its importance. UIA is a social contract between members, the community and the environment. We as architects owe it to them to respect their needs and aspirations. UIA is the body that binds them together. So we must subscribe to this entity, the UIA. We have to maintain our membership by giving them what they expect and encourage new members to join. We have to show them that UIA is worthwhile and matters to them.
Strategies
I hope to make UIA more visible. It has to communicate and reach out, not only to its member sections but also to potential new members. UIA has to be inclusive! Communication can be seamless with the available technology and social media today!
Members can be more engaged with UIA with the Regional VP’s and Council members being more active in their Regions. Council members should take up specific portfolios, even head or co-head the working programs and commissions. They can report directly to Council periodically on their activities.
We can achieve a lot if we engage the Members and Regional Bodies that already have several activities that are common in substance but different in content. UIA can focus on activities that can complement them. Common interest groups of architects can network worldwide to bring them closer together.
My experiences
I am one of the founders of the ASEAN Architect Council and its first Chairman. I am also a member of the APEC Architect Central Council as well as the Co- Chairman of the Malaysian National Professional Services Export Council. I am the Past-President in Council of the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and Past Chairman of ARCASIA. I have been involved with the UIA since 1998 when I joined the Professional Practice Commission as the drafting panel member of Practice in Host Nation Policy.
My 17 years’ experience with the UIA actually gave me the grounding for my dealing with such regional organizations initially. Now I think UIA can benefit from the activities of these regional bodies that are very active in promoting services beyond the normal professional role of an architect. The architects have initiated movements to deal with Disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction, Responsible Architecture, Green and Sustainable Architecture and many more. The outcomes have been taken to governments that have accordingly incorporated them in their building regulations. It is about sharing the resources of UIA as the international umbrella body with the regional bodies such as APEC, ASEAN, ARCASIA, FPPA, UMAR, AUA and many more.
I started practice in Malaysia in 1976 and have worked in collaboration with various international firms from UK, USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia. I have also done projects in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, China, Tartarstan and Indonesia. We must not only think globally but also work internationally. I would like to see architects worldwide moving globally to work. It will enrich the cross-cultural engagement and sharing of technologies to provide a new meaning to architecture. UIA can facilitate this by networking architects globally.
I have undertaken several mega projects in my home country Malaysia that include airports, hospitals, universities, new towns, hotels and resorts, residential and commercial developments. I have been able to achieve these feats with the help of a dedicated professional and technical team that allows me to have some time to do voluntary work for the profession. It has been a rewarding experience and I am ready to dedicate some more of my time now to UIA.
Ar Esa Mohamed
ARCHITECTS have been responsible for shaping the built environment throughout the history of human civilization.
Now they work and design across nations to create exciting new structures and habitats. Yet many of us don't realize that there is an International Union of Architects, or UIA, headquartered in Paris, that represents more than one million architects worldwide.
What is its role?
What is its main purpose?
UIA is an international body that represents more than 1 million architects globally. Its aim is to unite the world’s architects to share progressive ideas in architecture, planning, sustaining cultural values and the built environment. It is in the statutes.
Architecture is culture. Governments must adopt this precept.
Its established structure of work programs and commissions includes matters related to Responsible Architecture, Effects on Society, Urbanization, Habitat, Cultural Identity, Renewable Energy sources, City planning, Disasters, Building Facilities and many more. Additionally there are three commissions: Architectural Education, Professional Practice and International Competitions. A lot of work has been achieved voluntarily in these areas since its incorporation in 1948.
UIA unites all who are concerned about the living environment!
My reasons for running for the UIA Presidency
It is a noble NGO. Its membership deals with every aspect that affects human lives and habitation. I want every government and person on this planet to subscribe to our objectives and be aware that architects are responsible for creating built environments that are sustainable, stimulating and conducive to healthy living.
I would like the world to know that UIA is the perfect vehicle for harnessing resources and knowledge from the world’s member states. It is a hotbed of ideas and innovations that can be shared by everyone with interests in the living environment. I have witnessed cooperation among architects across borders irrespective of their colour, race or religion. The energy is immense.
Members aspirations
The Institutes or Associations of Architects represent our members from each country. So the architects in that country are UIA members by default. They want to see UIA as the umbrella body which they can consult for advice on local issues that affect their practices or built environment. UIA should be influential enough to advise governments.
It should be the bastion of best practice standards that are tailored to the conditions of each region. Their government and regulators should be well advised of the international best practice standards that have been agreed to by Architects globally. This is in line with the liberalization of services that have been subscribed to by governments in the WTO.
Global networking facilitates the mobility of architects: an area which has generated a lot of interest due to the liberalization of trade in services through the WTO. UIA can also be the agent to monitor and provide the framework which allows architects to work outside their country for mutual benefits without raising controversies.
Education, training and the young Architects
The UNESCO-UIA validation system provides standards and quality of education and training of architects that should be adopted. What is the best approach to popularise this adoption? Some countries already have their respective accreditation system. To be inclusive, UIA needs to engage validators and cooperate in recognising them.
The Canberra Accord is already an ongoing entity which UIA should maximise to promote the UNESCO-UIA validation in whatever form.
UIA can be the conduit for universities to network and share knowledge and research projects across borders. This will give opportunities for students from various countries to connect with each other. UIA activities should be introduced in the universities.
We now have a committee on young architects. Their perception of architecture, society and environment is changing in our new world today. Technology, innovations and information flows freely across the globe. The Young architects have a lot of new ideas and innovations, which should be harnessed. We need to make them more visible now. Theirs voices must be heard a lot more. They are our future.
Challenges
The main challenge is the mindset that needs changing. People have to know UIA! Architects and governments must see its importance. UIA is a social contract between members, the community and the environment. We as architects owe it to them to respect their needs and aspirations. UIA is the body that binds them together. So we must subscribe to this entity, the UIA. We have to maintain our membership by giving them what they expect and encourage new members to join. We have to show them that UIA is worthwhile and matters to them.
Strategies
I hope to make UIA more visible. It has to communicate and reach out, not only to its member sections but also to potential new members. UIA has to be inclusive! Communication can be seamless with the available technology and social media today!
Members can be more engaged with UIA with the Regional VP’s and Council members being more active in their Regions. Council members should take up specific portfolios, even head or co-head the working programs and commissions. They can report directly to Council periodically on their activities.
We can achieve a lot if we engage the Members and Regional Bodies that already have several activities that are common in substance but different in content. UIA can focus on activities that can complement them. Common interest groups of architects can network worldwide to bring them closer together.
My experiences
I am one of the founders of the ASEAN Architect Council and its first Chairman. I am also a member of the APEC Architect Central Council as well as the Co- Chairman of the Malaysian National Professional Services Export Council. I am the Past-President in Council of the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and Past Chairman of ARCASIA. I have been involved with the UIA since 1998 when I joined the Professional Practice Commission as the drafting panel member of Practice in Host Nation Policy.
My 17 years’ experience with the UIA actually gave me the grounding for my dealing with such regional organizations initially. Now I think UIA can benefit from the activities of these regional bodies that are very active in promoting services beyond the normal professional role of an architect. The architects have initiated movements to deal with Disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction, Responsible Architecture, Green and Sustainable Architecture and many more. The outcomes have been taken to governments that have accordingly incorporated them in their building regulations. It is about sharing the resources of UIA as the international umbrella body with the regional bodies such as APEC, ASEAN, ARCASIA, FPPA, UMAR, AUA and many more.
I started practice in Malaysia in 1976 and have worked in collaboration with various international firms from UK, USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia. I have also done projects in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, China, Tartarstan and Indonesia. We must not only think globally but also work internationally. I would like to see architects worldwide moving globally to work. It will enrich the cross-cultural engagement and sharing of technologies to provide a new meaning to architecture. UIA can facilitate this by networking architects globally.
I have undertaken several mega projects in my home country Malaysia that include airports, hospitals, universities, new towns, hotels and resorts, residential and commercial developments. I have been able to achieve these feats with the help of a dedicated professional and technical team that allows me to have some time to do voluntary work for the profession. It has been a rewarding experience and I am ready to dedicate some more of my time now to UIA.
Ar Esa Mohamed
Tag lines;
Architects for the Union
UIA unites all who are concerned about the living environment!
A noble Non Governmental Organisation (NGO)
As the umbrella body
UIA should be influential enough to advise governments.
UNESCO-UIA validation system
Young architects will be more visible!
Young architects’ voices will be heard!
Global networking facilitates mobility
UIA has to be inclusive!
UIA can focus on activities that can complement them.
UIA is about sharing the resources
Candidate Background
KNOW YOUR CANDIDATE... ESA MOHAMED
STUDIES
University of Newcastle, Australia
-Awarded B Arch(1st Class Hons) University Gold Medal in Architecture (1973)
University of Sydney
- Master of Town & Country Planning (1976)
UNIVERSITY HONOURS
2004 : Adjunct Professor, International Islamic University, Malaysia
2005 : Honorary Doctor of Architecture, University of Newcastle, Australia
UNDER-GRADUATE PRIZES, AWARDS & HONOURS
1968 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1970 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1971 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1972 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1972 : Board of Architects NSW Prize for Architecture
1972 : James Hardie Prize for Architecture
1973 : University of Newcastle Gold Medal for Architecture
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Managing Director and Founder of Akitek Jururancang (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Read more at <ajm.com.my>
CURRENT PROJECTS
• Kuala Lumpur International Financial District (TRX) Master Plan for 2 mii sq mt
• Pagoh Educational Hub and town development with 4 Universities and a Polytechenic, Shared Facilities & Student Housing for 10,000 students in Pagoh, Malaysia
• Desaru Convention Centre, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Coast Hospitality & Culinary School, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Corniche Hotel , Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Riverwalk Themed Retail Development, Johor, Malaysia
• Kinrara Golf Club Refurbishment works, Selangor, Malaysia
• Kampong Baru Redevelopment and Implementation Plan, Kuala Lumpur
• Kazan Smart City Development Plan, Tatarstan
MAJOR PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN
AIRPORTS
• The Kuala Lumpur International Airport Master Plan & Architectural Works
• Langkawi International Airport
HOSPITALS
• 620 beds Sungai Buloh Hospital /Trauma Centre with College of Allied Health Sciences, Malaysia.
• Cardiothoracic Centre, University Institute Technology Malaysia , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
HOTEL & RESORTS
• Datai Bay Resort (120 rooms), Langkawi
• Morib – 50 rooms boutique resort hotel, Selangor
• Hotel (562 rooms) & Service Apartment (280 units), Bandar Sunway
SHOPPING & OFFICE COMPLEXES
• Mid Valley City Mega Mall, Kuala Lumpur
• The Gardens, Mid Valley City, Kuala Lumpur
• Sunway Pyramid, Bandar Sunway
• Kuala Lumpur Convention Center
• Kota Raya Commercial Complex, Johor Bahru
• Subang Parade Shopping Mall, Subang Jaya
• Tang Shan Shopping Center – Beijing, China
• Proposed Shizazhuang Shopping Mall, Hebei, China
• Proposed Longde Shopping Mall, Beijing, China
• TNB Computer Recovery Centre, Bangi
• Sunway Damansara – 3 to 4 storey shop/office (316 units) at Kota Damansara
• 2 Block shop/office (3-4 storey), Pusat Bandar Melawati, Setapak, KualaLumpur
• Proposed Lifestyle Retail Mall at Iskandar Malaysia, Nusajaya, Johor
UNIVERSITIES
• University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pahang Malaysia
• University Technologi MARA (UiTM), Medical Faculty, Sg Buloh Malaysia
• Matriculation College Pongsu Seribu, Penang Malaysia
• Proposed University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) & Polytechnic, Pagoh, Malaysia
• University Tenaga Nasional, Bangi Malaysia
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
• National Valuation Institute (INSPEN), Bangi, Selangor
• Science College MARA, Kuala Trengganu
• FAMA Training Institute, Port Dickson
• Seri Puteri Secondary School, Cyberjaya
HOUSING, CONDOMINIUMS, APARTMENTS
• Surian Residences Condominium, Mutiara Damansara, Kuala Lumpur
• Cinta Condominium, Jalan Madge, Kuala Lumpur
• Highrise Apartments, Cheras Land
• Terrace & Medium Cost Apartments, Kepong
• Terrace Houses, Saujana Impian, Kajang, Selangor
• Army Quarters & Housing at Sungei Besi Army Camp, Kuala Lumpur
• Paroi Housing and Business Park, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
• SUBANG JAYA - Covering 1,400 acres with housing for approximately 75,000 population consisting of 11,000 housing units
URBAN PLANNING read more at <apudg.com>
• Subang Jaya Master Plan Malaysia
• Kuala Lumpur Master Plan Malaysia
• Tioman Island Master Plan, Pahang, Malaysia
• Squatter Resettlement Projects – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Machap - Sedenak Highway, Johor, Malaysia
• The New Administrative Capital City Master Plan, Putrajaya
• Malaysia-Singapore 2nd Crossing & Township Master Plan, Johor, Malaysia
• Iskandar Development Region, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Coast Destination Resort, Malaysia- Golf courses, Marina, Hotels, Marine & Water Theme Park, Holiday homes and supporting infrastructure facilities.
• Pagoh Education Hub and University Town, Johor, Malaysia
• Tun Razak Exchange, New Financial District, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Local Plan for Penang Regional Development Authority, Penang
• Johor Bahru Structure Plan and City Center Study, Malaysia
• Kampong Baru Urban Redevelopment Master Plan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Ipoh Structure Plan and New Town Centre Study, Malaysia
• Kazan Smart City Master Plan , Tatarstan
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
• Fellow Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM)
• Member Malaysian Interior of Institute Designers (MIID)
• Member Malaysian Institute of Planners (MIP)
• Fellow Royal Australian Institute of Architects (FRAIA)
• Member Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
• Fellow Malaysian Science Academy
• Member APEC Architect Council
• Member ASEAN Architect Council
• Past President in Council of Malaysian Institute of Architects, PAM (Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia) from 1996 to Present date
• Council Member International Union of Architects (UIA) Region IV 2012 to 2014
• 1st Vice President International Union of Architects (UIA) 2012 to 2014
• Member International Union of Architects (UIA)
• Professional Practice Commission
• Co Chairman NAPSEC - National Professional Services Export Council, Malaysia (From 2nd January 2002 to present date)
• Member Malaysian Services Development Council
• Advisory Board DBKL – Kuala Lumpur City Hall
• Chairman PAM Panel of Past Presidents
• Member Advisory Council University – Industry Network – University Teknology MARA, Malaysia
• Board Member Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) Since Oct 1993 to Present date
• Chairman ASEAN Architect Council 2009 - 2011
• Chairman PAM International Affairs Committee
• Adjunct Professor IIUM – Department of Architecture 2004 to 2006
• Chairman LAM/PAM Part III Examination Panel From 1983 - 2001
• Chairman Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) Disciplinary Committee
• Past Chairman ARCASIA - (Architects Regional Council of Asia) 1995 & 1996
• President Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects) From August 1993 to July 1995
• Founding Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB)
• Board Member September 1994
• Chairman PAM Housing Committee From 1986 to 1990
• Chairman PAM Education Section From 1983 to 1986
PROFESSIONAL PRIZES, AWARDS & HONOURS
1994 : FIABCI Award of Distinction for Resort Development for the Datai Resort, Langkawi
2000 : Tourism Malaysia Award for Best Shopping Complex 2000 for Mid-Valley Megamall2
2000 : FIABCI Award for Best Shopping Centre 2000 for Sunway Pyramid, Bandar Sunway, Selangor
2001 : FIABCI Award for Best Retail Development 2001 for Mid-Valley Megamall, K L
2001 : Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2001 for the Datai Resort, Langkawi
2002 : Construction Industry Development Board’s Construction Industry Player of the Year Award
2003 : Institution of Surveyors Malaysia’s Excellence Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Property and Construction Industry
2013 : Balai Ikhtisas Malaysia (BIM) Professional Excellence Award in Engineering, Construction & Property
2006 : PAM Gold Award – 2006 for Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre for the Innovation, Effective & Practical Application for Architecture
2009 : Prize Winning Design - The Master Plan for Jabal Khandama, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
2011 : 1st Prize – NAZA TTDI, Shah Alam City Centre (Sky Circuit)
2011 : 4th Prize - NAZA TTDI, Puchong (Green Triangle) – 2011
2012 : 1st Prize - Proposed New State Secretariat Building Complex, (SUK 2) Selangor Darul Ehsan
STUDIES
University of Newcastle, Australia
-Awarded B Arch(1st Class Hons) University Gold Medal in Architecture (1973)
University of Sydney
- Master of Town & Country Planning (1976)
UNIVERSITY HONOURS
2004 : Adjunct Professor, International Islamic University, Malaysia
2005 : Honorary Doctor of Architecture, University of Newcastle, Australia
UNDER-GRADUATE PRIZES, AWARDS & HONOURS
1968 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1970 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1971 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1972 : RAIA Prize for Architecture
1972 : Board of Architects NSW Prize for Architecture
1972 : James Hardie Prize for Architecture
1973 : University of Newcastle Gold Medal for Architecture
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Managing Director and Founder of Akitek Jururancang (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Read more at <ajm.com.my>
CURRENT PROJECTS
• Kuala Lumpur International Financial District (TRX) Master Plan for 2 mii sq mt
• Pagoh Educational Hub and town development with 4 Universities and a Polytechenic, Shared Facilities & Student Housing for 10,000 students in Pagoh, Malaysia
• Desaru Convention Centre, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Coast Hospitality & Culinary School, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Corniche Hotel , Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Riverwalk Themed Retail Development, Johor, Malaysia
• Kinrara Golf Club Refurbishment works, Selangor, Malaysia
• Kampong Baru Redevelopment and Implementation Plan, Kuala Lumpur
• Kazan Smart City Development Plan, Tatarstan
MAJOR PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN
AIRPORTS
• The Kuala Lumpur International Airport Master Plan & Architectural Works
• Langkawi International Airport
HOSPITALS
• 620 beds Sungai Buloh Hospital /Trauma Centre with College of Allied Health Sciences, Malaysia.
• Cardiothoracic Centre, University Institute Technology Malaysia , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
HOTEL & RESORTS
• Datai Bay Resort (120 rooms), Langkawi
• Morib – 50 rooms boutique resort hotel, Selangor
• Hotel (562 rooms) & Service Apartment (280 units), Bandar Sunway
SHOPPING & OFFICE COMPLEXES
• Mid Valley City Mega Mall, Kuala Lumpur
• The Gardens, Mid Valley City, Kuala Lumpur
• Sunway Pyramid, Bandar Sunway
• Kuala Lumpur Convention Center
• Kota Raya Commercial Complex, Johor Bahru
• Subang Parade Shopping Mall, Subang Jaya
• Tang Shan Shopping Center – Beijing, China
• Proposed Shizazhuang Shopping Mall, Hebei, China
• Proposed Longde Shopping Mall, Beijing, China
• TNB Computer Recovery Centre, Bangi
• Sunway Damansara – 3 to 4 storey shop/office (316 units) at Kota Damansara
• 2 Block shop/office (3-4 storey), Pusat Bandar Melawati, Setapak, KualaLumpur
• Proposed Lifestyle Retail Mall at Iskandar Malaysia, Nusajaya, Johor
UNIVERSITIES
• University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pahang Malaysia
• University Technologi MARA (UiTM), Medical Faculty, Sg Buloh Malaysia
• Matriculation College Pongsu Seribu, Penang Malaysia
• Proposed University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) & Polytechnic, Pagoh, Malaysia
• University Tenaga Nasional, Bangi Malaysia
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
• National Valuation Institute (INSPEN), Bangi, Selangor
• Science College MARA, Kuala Trengganu
• FAMA Training Institute, Port Dickson
• Seri Puteri Secondary School, Cyberjaya
HOUSING, CONDOMINIUMS, APARTMENTS
• Surian Residences Condominium, Mutiara Damansara, Kuala Lumpur
• Cinta Condominium, Jalan Madge, Kuala Lumpur
• Highrise Apartments, Cheras Land
• Terrace & Medium Cost Apartments, Kepong
• Terrace Houses, Saujana Impian, Kajang, Selangor
• Army Quarters & Housing at Sungei Besi Army Camp, Kuala Lumpur
• Paroi Housing and Business Park, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
• SUBANG JAYA - Covering 1,400 acres with housing for approximately 75,000 population consisting of 11,000 housing units
URBAN PLANNING read more at <apudg.com>
• Subang Jaya Master Plan Malaysia
• Kuala Lumpur Master Plan Malaysia
• Tioman Island Master Plan, Pahang, Malaysia
• Squatter Resettlement Projects – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Machap - Sedenak Highway, Johor, Malaysia
• The New Administrative Capital City Master Plan, Putrajaya
• Malaysia-Singapore 2nd Crossing & Township Master Plan, Johor, Malaysia
• Iskandar Development Region, Johor, Malaysia
• Desaru Coast Destination Resort, Malaysia- Golf courses, Marina, Hotels, Marine & Water Theme Park, Holiday homes and supporting infrastructure facilities.
• Pagoh Education Hub and University Town, Johor, Malaysia
• Tun Razak Exchange, New Financial District, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Local Plan for Penang Regional Development Authority, Penang
• Johor Bahru Structure Plan and City Center Study, Malaysia
• Kampong Baru Urban Redevelopment Master Plan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Ipoh Structure Plan and New Town Centre Study, Malaysia
• Kazan Smart City Master Plan , Tatarstan
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
• Fellow Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM)
• Member Malaysian Interior of Institute Designers (MIID)
• Member Malaysian Institute of Planners (MIP)
• Fellow Royal Australian Institute of Architects (FRAIA)
• Member Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
• Fellow Malaysian Science Academy
• Member APEC Architect Council
• Member ASEAN Architect Council
• Past President in Council of Malaysian Institute of Architects, PAM (Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia) from 1996 to Present date
• Council Member International Union of Architects (UIA) Region IV 2012 to 2014
• 1st Vice President International Union of Architects (UIA) 2012 to 2014
• Member International Union of Architects (UIA)
• Professional Practice Commission
• Co Chairman NAPSEC - National Professional Services Export Council, Malaysia (From 2nd January 2002 to present date)
• Member Malaysian Services Development Council
• Advisory Board DBKL – Kuala Lumpur City Hall
• Chairman PAM Panel of Past Presidents
• Member Advisory Council University – Industry Network – University Teknology MARA, Malaysia
• Board Member Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) Since Oct 1993 to Present date
• Chairman ASEAN Architect Council 2009 - 2011
• Chairman PAM International Affairs Committee
• Adjunct Professor IIUM – Department of Architecture 2004 to 2006
• Chairman LAM/PAM Part III Examination Panel From 1983 - 2001
• Chairman Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) Disciplinary Committee
• Past Chairman ARCASIA - (Architects Regional Council of Asia) 1995 & 1996
• President Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects) From August 1993 to July 1995
• Founding Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB)
• Board Member September 1994
• Chairman PAM Housing Committee From 1986 to 1990
• Chairman PAM Education Section From 1983 to 1986
PROFESSIONAL PRIZES, AWARDS & HONOURS
1994 : FIABCI Award of Distinction for Resort Development for the Datai Resort, Langkawi
2000 : Tourism Malaysia Award for Best Shopping Complex 2000 for Mid-Valley Megamall2
2000 : FIABCI Award for Best Shopping Centre 2000 for Sunway Pyramid, Bandar Sunway, Selangor
2001 : FIABCI Award for Best Retail Development 2001 for Mid-Valley Megamall, K L
2001 : Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2001 for the Datai Resort, Langkawi
2002 : Construction Industry Development Board’s Construction Industry Player of the Year Award
2003 : Institution of Surveyors Malaysia’s Excellence Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Property and Construction Industry
2013 : Balai Ikhtisas Malaysia (BIM) Professional Excellence Award in Engineering, Construction & Property
2006 : PAM Gold Award – 2006 for Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre for the Innovation, Effective & Practical Application for Architecture
2009 : Prize Winning Design - The Master Plan for Jabal Khandama, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
2011 : 1st Prize – NAZA TTDI, Shah Alam City Centre (Sky Circuit)
2011 : 4th Prize - NAZA TTDI, Puchong (Green Triangle) – 2011
2012 : 1st Prize - Proposed New State Secretariat Building Complex, (SUK 2) Selangor Darul Ehsan
Esa Mohamed 国际建筑师协会主席的竞选宣言
What is UIA? 什么是国际建筑师协会？
ARCHITECTS
have been responsible for shaping the built environment throughout the history of human civilisation.
Now they work and design across nations to create exciting new structures and habitats. Yet many of us don't realise that there is an International Union of Architects, or UIA, headquartered in Paris, that represents more than one million architects worldwide. What is its role? What is its main purpose?
Now they work and design across nations to create exciting new structures and habitats. Yet many of us don't realise that there is an International Union of Architects, or UIA, headquartered in Paris, that represents more than one million architects worldwide. What is its role? What is its main purpose?
建筑师们在整个人类文明史,一直负责塑造建筑环境。
现在，他们努力不懈地工作和设计整个国家，以创造令人振奋的新结构和住所。然而，我们许多人没有意识到，存在着建筑师的国际联盟，或UIA （建筑师国际协会），总部设在巴黎，代表着全球超过百万的建筑师。它的角色是什么？它的主要目的是什么？
现在，他们努力不懈地工作和设计整个国家，以创造令人振奋的新结构和住所。然而，我们许多人没有意识到，存在着建筑师的国际联盟，或UIA （建筑师国际协会），总部设在巴黎，代表着全球超过百万的建筑师。它的角色是什么？它的主要目的是什么？
UIA
is an international body that represents more than 1 million architects
globally. Its aim is to unite the world’s architects to
share progressive ideas in architecture, planning, sustaining cultural
values and the built environment. It is
in the statutes. Architecture is culture. Governments must adopt this
precept.
UIA是代表全球超过100万的建筑师的国际机构。其宗旨是团结全世界的建筑师，一齐分享在建筑，规划共同进步的理念、持续的文化价值和建筑环境。这是在法规注明的。建筑是文化。各国政府必须采取这一信条。
Its
established structure of work programs and commissions includes matters related
to Responsible Architecture, Effects on Society, Urbanisation, Habitat,
Cultural Identity, Renewable Energy sources, City planning, Disasters, Building
Facilities and many more.Additionally there are three commissions:
Architectural Education, Professional Practice and International Competitions.
A lot of work has been achieved voluntarily in these areas since its incorporation
in 1948. UIA unites all
who are concerned about the living environment!
其悠久工作方案和佣金结构，包括建筑责任事宜、对社会之影响、城市化、人居、文化特性、可再生能源、城市规划、灾害、建筑设备等等。再加上，它成立了三个委员会：建筑教育、专业实践和国际比赛。这些领域自1948年结合以来，已有大量的工作已主动实现。国际建筑师协会联合所有关心生活环境的人们！
My reasons for
running for the UIA Presidency 我竞选国际建筑师协会主席的原因
It
is a noble NGO. Its membership
deals with every aspect that affects human lives and habitation. I want every government and person on this
planet to subscribe to our objectives and be aware that architects are
responsible for creating built environments that are sustainable, stimulating
and conducive to healthy living.
这是个受人敬仰的非政府组织。其会员资格和人类生活和住处息息相关。我想在这个星球上各国政府和个人跟随我们的目标，并知道建筑师有责任创造可持续的，刺激的，有利于健康生活的建筑环境
I
would like the world to know that UIA is the perfect vehicle for harnessing
resources and knowledge from the world’s member states. It
is a hotbed of ideas and innovations that can be shared by everyone with
interests in the living environment. I have witnessed cooperation among
architects across borders irrespective of their colour, race or religion. The
energy is immense.
我想让全世界知道，国际建筑师协会是由全球各会员国利用资源和知识的完美工具。它是充满创意和创新的，可以是每个关心生活环境的人共享的温床。我亲眼目睹了建筑师他们跨越国界、肤色、种族或宗教的合作无间。那份能量是无限之大的。
Members Aspirations
委员心声
The Institutes or Associations of Architects represent our members from each country. So the architects in that country are UIA members by default.They want to see UIAas the umbrella body which they can consult for advice on local issues that affect their practices or built environment.UIA should be influential enough to advise governments.
The Institutes or Associations of Architects represent our members from each country. So the architects in that country are UIA members by default.They want to see UIAas the umbrella body which they can consult for advice on local issues that affect their practices or built environment.UIA should be influential enough to advise governments.
该机构或建筑师协会代表来自各个国家的会员。因此，在该国的建筑师是自动成为国际建筑师协会的成员。他们希望看到国际建筑师协会作为伞状组织，以方便他们咨询有关影响他们的做法或建筑环境的局部问题之建议。国际建筑师协会应该拥有足够影响力以提醒政府。
It should be the bastion
of best practice standards that are tailored to the conditions of each
region. Their government and regulators should be well advised of the
international best practice standards that have been agreed to by Architects globally. This is in line with the
liberalisation of services that have been subscribed to by governments in the
WTO.
它应该是针对每个区域条件的最佳标准实践堡垒。他们的政府和监管机构应妥善告知已受全球建筑师同意的最佳国际实践标准。这完全符合了在世贸组织的各国政府经已同意的服务自由。
Global
networking facilitates the mobility of architects: an area which has
generated a lot of interest due to the liberalisation of trade in services
through the WTO.UIA can also be the agent to monitor and provide the
framework which allows architects to work outside their country for mutual
benefits without raising controversies.
全球网络有助于建筑师的流动性：它已经让人产生了很大的兴趣，通过世贸组织所衍生的自由贸易服务。国际建筑师协会，也可以代理监视并提供框架，使得建筑师们在无议论之下，得以在他们的国家之外的地方工作，互惠互利。
Education, training and the young Architects
The UNESCO-UIA validation systemprovidesstandards and quality of education and training of architectsthat should be adopted. What is the best approach to popularise this adoption? Some countries already have their respective accreditation system. To be inclusive, UIA needs to engage validators and cooperate in recognising them.
我们应采用联合国教科文组织国际建筑师协会认证系统提供了标准和有素质建筑师的教育和培训。推广这种应用最好的方法是什么呢？一些国家已经有了各自的认证制度。要成为一员，UIA需要加入验证和配合他们的确认工作。
The Canberra Accord is already an ongoing entity which UIA should
maximise to promote the UNESCO-UIA validation in whatever form.
UIA can be the conduit for universities to network and share knowledge
and research projects across borders. This will give opportunities for students
from various countries to connect with each other. UIA activities should be
introduced in the universities.
堪培拉雅阁已经是一个持续的实体，UIA应以最大限度促进联合国教科文组织国际建筑师协会审定的任何形式。
国际建筑师协会可以成为大学拓展网络和共享跨越国界的知识和研究项目的渠道。这会将为来自不同国家的学生提供相互连接的好机会。我们也应该在大学推广国际建筑师协会的活动。
国际建筑师协会可以成为大学拓展网络和共享跨越国界的知识和研究项目的渠道。这会将为来自不同国家的学生提供相互连接的好机会。我们也应该在大学推广国际建筑师协会的活动。
We now have a committee on young architects. Their perception of
architecture, society and environment is changing in our new world today.
Technology, innovations and information flows freely across the globe. The Young architects have a lot of new ideas and
innovations, which should be harnessed. We need to make them more visible now.
Theirs voices must be heard a lot more. They are our future.
我们现在有年轻建筑师委员会。他们对的建筑、社会和环境的感知，改变了我们现今的世界。科技、创新和信息在世界各地自由流通。年轻的建筑师有很多新的想法和创新，这应该加以利用。我们需要让他们更加明显化了。他们的声音必须被听到。他们是我们的未来。
Challenges 挑战
The main challenge is the mindset that needs changing. People have
to know UIA and Architects and governments must see its importance. UIA is a social contract between members,
the community and the environment. We as architects owe it to them to respect
their needs and aspirations. UIA is the body that binds them together. So we
must subscribe to this entity, the
UIA.
We have to maintain our membership by giving them what they expect and
encourage new members to join.We have to show them that UIA is worthwhile and
matters to them.
主要的挑战是需要改变的心态。人们需要认识国际建筑师协会及建筑师和政府必须看到它的重要性。国际建筑师协会是成员，社区和环境之间的社会契约。我们作为建筑师应该尊重他们的需求和心声。国际建筑师协会是让他们结合在一起的团体。因此，我们必须服从这个实体，国际建筑师协会。我们必须保持我们的会籍，给他们所期待的并鼓励新成员加入我们。我们必须展示他们国际建筑师协会是值得和重要的。
Strategies策略
Strategies策略
I
hope to make UIA more visible. It has to communicate and reach out, not only to
its member sections but also to potential new members.UIA has to be inclusive! Communication can be
seamless with the available technology and social media today!
我希望让更多人看到UIA。 这需要我们的沟通和对外发展，不只是我们自己的会员，还有其他有潜质的会员。 UIA必须涵盖所有人！我们可运用现今的科技和社交媒体来达到无界限的沟通！
Members
can be more engaged with UIA with the Regional VP’s and Council
members being more active in their Regions. Council members should take up
specific portfolios, even head or co-head the working programs and
commissions.They can report directly to Council periodically on their
activities.
会员可以更多地接触国际建筑师协会与区域副总裁的和理事会成员，其所在区域更加活跃。理事会成员应负责具体组合，即使领导或辅助工作程序和委员会。他们可以直接向理事会定期报告其活动情况。
We can achieve a lot if we engage the Members and Regional Bodies that
already have several activities that are common in substance but different in
content. UIA can focus on activities that can complement them. Common interest
groups of architects can network worldwide to bring them closer together.
我们可以做到很多若我们联合会员们和区域机构现有的几个活动，那些有共同的实体但不同内容的活动。国际建筑师协会可以集中在可以辅助的活动。建筑师拥有共同关注的建筑师小组可以通过全球网络他们紧密联系起来。
My experiences 我的经验
I am one of the founders of the ASEAN Architect Council and its first Chairman. I am also a member of the APEC Architect Central Council as well as the Co- Chairman of the Malaysian National Professional Services Export Council. I am the Past-President in Council of the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and Past Chairman of ARCASIA. I have been involved with the UIA since 1998 when I joined the Professional Practice Commission as the drafting panel member of Practice in Host Nation Policy.
我是东盟建筑师理事会及其第一任主席的创始人之一。我也是APEC建筑师中央议会的成员以及马来西亚国家专业服务出口委员会的共同主席。我曾出任马来西亚建筑师协会（PAM）的前任主席和亚洲建筑师协会前任主席。我自1998年以来加入国际建筑师协，那时我是东道国政策的实践专业实务委员会为的起草小组成员。
My 16 years’ experience with the UIA actually gave me the
grounding for my dealing with such regional organisations initially. Now I
think UIA can benefit from the activities of these regional bodies that are
very active in promoting services beyond the normal professional role of an
architect. The architects have initiated movements to deal with Disaster
rehabilitation and reconstruction, Responsible Architecture, Green and
Sustainable Architecture and many more. The outcomes have been taken to
governments that have accordingly incorporated them in their building
regulations. It is about
sharing the resources of UIA as the international umbrella body with
the regional bodies such as APEC, ASEAN, ARCASIA, FPPA, UMAR, AUA and many
more.
我16年与国际建筑师协会的经验居然成为我处理区域组织的基础。现在，我想UIA可以在这些区域机构的活跃活动从中受益，这些机构非常积极促进超越正常建筑师职业角色的服务。建筑师发起运动来处理灾区恢复和重建的工作、负责任的建筑学、绿色和可持续发展的建筑等等。该成果已被呈上予政府并相应地将它们附加在他们的建筑法规上。这一切都是国际建筑师协会为区域组织，如亚太经合组织，东盟，亚洲建筑师协会，FPPA、UMAR、AUA等等的国际伞体， 与他们分享资源。
我16年与国际建筑师协会的经验居然成为我处理区域组织的基础。现在，我想UIA可以在这些区域机构的活跃活动从中受益，这些机构非常积极促进超越正常建筑师职业角色的服务。建筑师发起运动来处理灾区恢复和重建的工作、负责任的建筑学、绿色和可持续发展的建筑等等。该成果已被呈上予政府并相应地将它们附加在他们的建筑法规上。这一切都是国际建筑师协会为区域组织，如亚太经合组织，东盟，亚洲建筑师协会，FPPA、UMAR、AUA等等的国际伞体， 与他们分享资源。
I started practice in Malaysia in 1976 and have worked in
collaboration with various international firms from UK, USA, Europe, Japan, and
Australia. I have also done projects in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, China,
Tartarstan and Indonesia. We must not
only think globally but also work
internationally. I would like to see architects worldwide moving globally to
work. It will enrich the cross-cultural engagement and sharing of technologies
to provide a new meaning to architecture. UIA can facilitate this by networking
architects globally.
I have undertaken several mega projects in my home country Malaysia
that include airports, hospitals, universities, new towns, hotels and resorts,
residential and commercial developments. I have been able to achieve these
feats with the help of a dedicated professional and technical team that allows
me to have some time to do voluntary work for the profession. It has been a
rewarding experience and I am ready to dedicate some more of my time now to
UIA.
我于1976年在马来西亚开始实习，并曾与英国、美国、欧洲、日本和澳大利亚各国际公司合作。在沙特阿拉伯、巴基斯坦、印度、中国、鞑靼斯坦和印尼我也做过项目。我们不仅要放眼全球，而且在国际平台上合作。我想看看世界各地的建筑师在全球移动工作。这将丰富跨文化接触与技术交流，为建筑提供新的意义。国际建筑师协会可以通过全球网络架构促成这领域。
我接手负责在我国马来西亚的几个大型项目，其中包括机场、医院、大学、新市镇、酒店和度假酒店、住宅及商业发展。借着敬业的专业技术队的帮助，我已经能够实现这些项目，并让我有时间做志工。这是一个有意义的经验，我已准备好了再奉献更多的时间到UIA。
我接手负责在我国马来西亚的几个大型项目，其中包括机场、医院、大学、新市镇、酒店和度假酒店、住宅及商业发展。借着敬业的专业技术队的帮助，我已经能够实现这些项目，并让我有时间做志工。这是一个有意义的经验，我已准备好了再奉献更多的时间到UIA。
Tag lines; 标语
Architects for the Union建筑师联盟
UIA unites all who are concerned about the
living environment! 国际建筑师协会联合所有关心生活环境的人！
A noble Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) 受人敬仰的非政府组织
As the umbrella body 成为伞体
UIA
should be influential enough to advise governments. 国际建筑师协会应该有足够影响力提醒政府。
UNESCO-UIA validation system联合国教科文组织国际建筑师协会认证系统
Young architects will be more visible! 年轻建筑师更加显著！
Young architects’ voices will be heard! 年轻建筑师的声音被听见！
Global networking facilitates mobility全球网络促进流动性
UIA has to be inclusive! UIA需涵盖全部！
UIA can focus on activities that can complement
them. UIA可以集中那些可以辅助的活动
UIA is about sharing the resources UIA是分享资源
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